Utilization of Rhizophora Mangrove Plants as a Potential Source for Agribusiness Development in the Coastal Area of Pematang Kuala, Serdang Bedagai

Abstract

This study evaluates the environmental physical conditions and economic value of Rhizophora mangrove species in Hamlet V, Pematang Kuala Village, Teluk Mengkudu District, Serdang Bedagai Regency, an area characterized by well-maintained and sustainable mangrove ecosystems. Environmental parameters assessed include air temperature, soil pH, salinity, substrate type, and the morphological characteristics of three Rhizophora species: Rhizophora stylosa, Rhizophora mucronata, and Rhizophora apiculata. The research also examines the economic potential of Rhizophora, particularly its use as construction material and fuelwood, as well as the utilization of leaves, fruits, and flowers as traditional medicinal resources that support local livelihoods. Vegetation structure was analyzed using density, frequency, Dominance Ratio (SDR), and Importance Value Index (IVI). Results show that the highest relative density occurred at Station III with 79.5% for R. stylosa, while the highest relative frequency (40%) was recorded at Stations I and III. Station III also exhibited the highest IVI value of 119.5 and the highest SDR of 59.75. Hamlet V contains an extensive mangrove forest, with an estimated 22,000 Rhizophora individuals. The physical environment of the mangrove area shows air temperatures ranging from 30.2°C to 30.5°C, substrates consisting of mud, fine mud, and sand, soil pH ranging from 3.5 to 6.0, and salinity levels between 18 and 20 ppm. Morphological identification revealed distinct leaf, fruit, and floral characteristics among the three species, while all shared similar prop root structures. Rhizophora apiculata wood was found to be the most suitable for construction due to its dense and durable texture.